Volume 16, Issue 1 (2024 2024)
JIM 2024, 16(1): 198-217 |
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Kazemi H, Hejazi B A, Mohseninia N. (2024). An Analysis of Sufi Ecstatic Utterances Based on Wittgenstein’s Theory of Language Games. JIM. 16(1), 198-217. doi:10.22034/16.31.9
URL: http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1571-en.html
URL: http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1571-en.html
Shahid Bahonar University
Abstract: (1449 Views)
Sufi ecstatic utterances (shaṭḥiyyāt) are seemingly radical expressions that disrupt the connection between language, the mystic’s experience, and reality, often leading to confusion and criticism from audiences. These utterances have historically subjected Sufis to harsh judgments. While shaṭḥiyyāt are commonly associated with adherents of the intoxicated school of Sufism, many figures from the sober school have also been reported to make such statements. Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Theory of Language Games, which rests on two key principles, provides a valuable framework for interpreting Sufi ecstatic utterances: (1) language operates according to “rules,” and (2) context plays a crucial role in meaning. Beyond verbal expressions, Sufis also engaged in ecstatic behaviors, which often provoked severe condemnation from non-Sufi audiences. However, this study focuses primarily on verbal shaṭḥiyyāt. Our research demonstrates that Wittgenstein’s theory aids in understanding ecstatic utterances through several aspects, such as the Sufis’ use of specialized language in distinct contexts, the disconnect between linguistic expression, imagination, and external reality, their departure from conventional language norms, and their adoption of a language exclusive to the people of gnosis. This study employs a qualitative content analysis methodology to explore these themes in depth.
Keywords: Ecstatic Utterances(shaṭḥiyyāt), Ecstatic Behaviors, Theory of Language Games, Wittgenstein.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
عرفان
Received: 2023/07/15 | Accepted: 2024/01/6 | Published: 2024/12/30
Received: 2023/07/15 | Accepted: 2024/01/6 | Published: 2024/12/30
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