@article{ 
author = {Imaninasab, Ali and Izadpanah, Abbas and Shahrokhi, Seyyed Ahmadrez},  
title = {Investigating the Role of the Imaginal World in Human\'s Descending Arc from Sa\'id al-Din Farghani\'s Perspective}, 
abstract ={Sa'id al-Din Farghani, as one of the most prominent representatives of the Ibn 'Arabi school, ascribes an important role to the imaginal world (ʿālam al-mithāl) in the human journey through the descending arc and depicts the primordial covenant world (ʿālam al-dharr) within this realm. He identifies aspects of the imaginal world through which he attempts to provide a systematic and novel analysis of how humans are present in the imaginal world during the descending arc. From Farghani's perspective, the imaginal world has two aspects: one aspect that brings spirits and intellects into an imaginal form, and another aspect that transforms material beings into imaginal entities. According to Farghani, Adam's clay form at the beginning of his creation contained the particles of his progeny, and based on the second aspect of the imaginal world, both Adam and his descendants became imaginal beings and acquired souls. The emergence of individual human souls occurred at this stage, before birth and before the embryonic stage. This study demonstrates that the rational objections commonly raised against the soul's precedence over the material body do not apply to Farghani's viewpoint, and there exist narrative evidences from the Ahl al-Bayt confirming Farghani's perspective in general terms.},  
Keywords = {Imaginal World,
Descending Arc,
Primordial Covenant World,
Clay Nature,
Sa'id al-Din Farghani.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-22}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.1},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1699-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1699-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azhdari, Shirin and HoseiniMoaKhar, Seyyed Mohsen and Keshavarz, Somayeh},  
title = {Psychological and Educational Barriers in Rewriting and Recreating Mystical Anecdotes for Children (With Emphasis on Piaget\'s and Bandura\'s Theories)}, 
abstract ={Mystical anecdotes are among the most practical resources for developing and flourishing spirituality, human interactions, and behavioral character in children. Although engaging with these anecdotes responds to children's fundamental and meaning-seeking questions both directly and indirectly, naturally not all of them have the capability to be rewritten and recreated for child audiences. The aim of this research is to examine the psychological and educational barriers in selecting mystical anecdotes for children, relying on Piaget's cognitive development theory and Bandura's social-cognitive learning theory. This research, which examines mystical anecdotes from this perspective using a descriptive-analytical method, demonstrates that a large portion of such anecdotes, due to the presence of psychological, linguistic, educational, intellectual-content barriers and complex narrative structures, have not found the capability to be rewritten and recreated for children. Due to linguistic complexities and distance from age requirements and the cognitive-social development of children, they cannot play a role in strengthening children's spiritual intelligence. The study identifies specific barriers that make certain mystical anecdotes unsuitable for children aged 7-11 years, who are in Piaget's concrete operational stage. These barriers include ecstatic utterances, difficult mystical terminology, paradoxical expressions, symbolic narratives, and content promoting antisocial behaviors or depicting supernatural events that conflict with children's concrete thinking patterns.},  
Keywords = {Mystical Anecdotes, Children, Rewriting, Piaget, Bandura.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {23-45}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.23},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1650-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1650-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Miri, Mohammad and Shoeibi, Mahs},  
title = {A Critical Analysis of al-Dhahabī’s Views in al-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn on the Methodology of Mystical Quranic}, 
abstract ={The methodology of mystical Quranic exegesis has long faced staunch critics—some motivated by opposition to the intellectual heritage of the ahl al-ma’rifa (people of gnosis), and others by unfamiliarity with the foundational principles of this interpretive tradition. Since Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Dhahabī stands among the most prominent of these critics, a systematic examination of his views may help clarify the substantive dimensions of the issue. An overwhelming preponderance of lacunae over competencies in al-Dhahabī’s knowledge of Islamic mysticism—encompassing both its doctrines and the principles, foundations, and methods of mystical exegesis—rendered him confused in his analysis of mystical interpretations and unsuccessful in adjudicating their validity. Al-Dhahabī possessed no adequate conception of theoretical mysticism as a discipline; and despite acknowledging his limited familiarity with the discourse of the mystics, he treated the invalidity of the mystical doctrine of the unity of being as self-evident. Nor did he hold an accurate understanding of the definition and constitutive components of ta’wīl in its technical mystical sense. In several instances, his unfamiliarity with the discourse of the ahl al-ma’rifa led him to impute Bāṭinī tendencies to mystical exegeses; in others, he judged them to be in conflict with the revealed law—whereas the masters of gnosis explicitly and vigorously rejected Bāṭinism and consistently emphasized that both exegesis and ta’wīl of the Quran are conditional upon their alignment with the substantive content of the sharī’a and the avoidance of exegesis based on personal opinion. Al-Dhahabī was equally unacquainted with the mystical theory of the spirit of meaning and its constructive functions within mystical exegesis, just as he was unaware of the approach of the ahl al-ma’rifa in anagogical exegesis. The cumulative weight of these deficiencies consistently misled him in his critique of the methodology of mystical Quranic interpretation. The present study is organized according to a descriptive-documentary method, with the dual aim of defending the intrinsic legitimacy of a principled and criterion-governed mystical exegesis and of elucidating the shortcomings in al-Dhahabī’s treatment of this exegetical approach.},  
Keywords = {Mystical Exegesis, Esoteric Interpretation, Spirit of Meaning, al-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn, Anagogical Exegesis.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {46-65}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.46},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1666-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1666-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Teymoori, Mohammad and Khayatian, Ghodratollah and Rezaie, Mohamm},  
title = {Investigating the Characteristics of the Zayniyya Order and the Factors of Its Decline}, 
abstract ={The Zayniyya Order, a Sufi lineage that emerged in the 9th century AH (15th century CE), was founded upon the mystical worldview and spiritual path (ṭarīqah) of Zayn al-Dīn Khwāfī (d. 838 AH/1434 CE). It arose in Herat during the Timurid political era and maintained its presence as a recognized Sufi order within the broader Islamic world for at least a century thereafter. Though its influence gradually waned, the order continued to exist, albeit with diminished vitality. Initially manifesting in the region of Khorasan, the Zayniyya Order subsequently developed and flourished in another significant part of Iran's cultural geography, namely Asia Minor, where it reached its zenith. The Zayniyya was characterized by strict adherence to Islamic law (sharīʿa) and outward religious observance. As such, it did not exhibit the doctrinal laxity occasionally observed in other Sufi traditions. Among the defining features of the order were its broad social engagements, close relations with political authorities, and active efforts to disseminate its teachings through travel and proselytization. Nevertheless, the trajectory of the Zayniyya Order shifted following the adoption, by its later shaykhs, of a mystical orientation inspired by Ibn ʿArabī, along with interpretative engagements with his metaphysical doctrines. Additionally, the infiltration of certain Shiʿi-leaning beliefs into the predominantly Sunni milieu of its host societies, combined with its entanglement in political disputes, accelerated its decline.},  
Keywords = {Zayniyya Tariqat,
Zayn al-Din Khwāfī,
9th Century Mysticism,
Manhaj al-Rashad,
Sufi Orders.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {66-84}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.66},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1630-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1630-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dakami, Mohammad Jav},  
title = {The Station of "Be, and It Is" for Humanity in This World and the Hereafter from the Perspective of Qur\'anic Verses and Traditions}, 
abstract ={Based on the verses of the Holy Qur'an and traditions of the Infallible Imams, the perfect human being is God's vicegerent on earth and must therefore benefit from the divine attributes of action as much as possible. A necessary consequence of benefiting from divine attributes of action is that one should also possess, within one's capacity, the station of "Be, and it is" (kun fa-yakūn), which is the prerogative of the Divine Presence. The station of "Be, and it is" in the logic of the Holy Qur'an means that if a person wills something, there should be no gap between their will and the existence of that thing, and as soon as they will it, that thing is realized. From the verses of the Holy Qur'an and traditions of the Infallible Imams, it appears that God Almighty grants such a station to His special servants both in this world and in the hereafter. It is through this station that prophets and divine saints acquire the ability to intervene and dispose in the world of possibility and perform extraordinary deeds. This research, utilizing the verses of the Holy Qur'an and traditions of the Infallible Imams and employing an analytical-descriptive method, has demonstrated that humans have the potential to reach a station through obedience to divine commands where willing becomes not only being able, but actually being, and if they will something, by divine permission, that thing is realized.},  
Keywords = {Be and It Is, Holy Qur'an,
This World, Hereafter,
Divine Vicegerency.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {85-100}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.85},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1705-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1705-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SoleimaniKoshali, Fatim},  
title = {Analysis of Islamic Mystics\' Ecstatic Utterances Based on Paul Tillich\'s Symbolic Language Theory}, 
abstract ={Ecstatic utterances (shatḥ) are one type of mystical proposition and among the most important elements of mystical language, representing the most critical point of intersection between mysticism and logic. From a logical perspective, shatḥ is a type of coincidence of contradictories and the harmonization of two incompatible aspects that constitute the contradictory level of mystical language. Accordingly, numerous theories have been proposed by mysticism scholars and modern researchers regarding the causes of logical contradictions in ecstatic utterances. In this regard, employing symbolic and metaphorical language has been considered a method for understanding mystics' ecstatic utterances. This insight, as one of the common presuppositions in twentieth-century theology, considers speech about God's existence, attributes, relations, and actions to be symbolic. The present research, using descriptive-analytical methods and library sources, seeks to analyze the paradoxical propositions of Islamic mystics based on Paul Tillich's formulation of symbolic language theory. Tillich, a Christian philosopher and theologian, developed this framework for religious discourse. Considering symbols as ultimate reality is among the theological teachings found in Tillich's perspective. In this framework, utilizing linguistic elements and considering concepts and propositions about God as symbolic is effective for examining and analyzing ecstatic utterances and resolving the apparent contradictions in mystics' speech.},  
Keywords = {Paul Tillich, Symbolic Language, Ecstatic Utterance (Shatḥ), Mysticism, Symbol.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {101-122}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.101},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1667-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1667-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zurvani, Mojtaba and Sheikh, Mahmou},  
title = {Sufi Adab: Historical Evolution of the Concept and Its Place in the Ethical System of Sufism (4th–7th Centuries AH)}, 
abstract ={This article employs a historical-comparative approach to examine the evolution of the concept of adab in classical Sufi texts from the fourth to the seventh centuries AH. The texts analyzed were selected on the basis of their historical significance and influence, encompassing the works of al-Sarrāj, al-Sulamī, al-Qushayrī, al-Ghazālī, Ibn ʿArabī, and al-Kāshānī. Drawing on a fourfold distinction within the dimensions of human existence—belief, emotion, volition, and conduct—this study demonstrates that adab pertains primarily to the behavioral dimension and is thereby distinguished from neighboring concepts such as virtues (faḍāʾil), vices (radhāʾil), spiritual stations (maqāmāt), and spiritual states (aḥwāl). This behavioral definition does not entail a disregard for the inner dimensions of human existence; rather, adab is understood in this study as the outward manifestation of inner virtues, whereby virtuous conduct both reflects the inward spiritual state and serves as the ground for its realization. The findings reveal that the definition of adab in early Sufism (al-Sarrāj, al-Qushayrī) was accompanied by conceptual ambiguity; al-Ghazālī was the first to offer a more coherent framework by situating adab clearly within the domain of conduct; and in the works attributed to Ibn ʿArabī, the concept acquired deeper metaphysical dimensions, becoming a station (maqām) that encompasses all other stations and states. The originality of this research lies in its use of comparative textual analysis of primary Sufi sources to trace the historical transformation of adab and to demonstrate why Islamic mystical ethics, in contrast to philosophical ethics grounded in virtues and vices, adopts a practice-oriented approach in which transformative conduct precedes and facilitates spiritual growth.},  
Keywords = {Adab, Ethics, Sufism, Islamic Mysticism, Ibn ʿArabī, al-Ghazālī.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {123-144}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.123},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1783-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1783-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghanavi, Amir},  
title = {The Path of Perfection in Manāzil al-Sā\'irīn by Khwāja \'Abdullāh Anṣārī}, 
abstract ={The path of perfection in Islamic mysticism is among the fundamental topics of spiritual wayfaring that has been systematically and precisely addressed in the prominent work Manāzil al-Sā'irīn authored by Khwāja 'Abdullāh Anṣārī. This research aims to analyze the spiritual structure of this book and evaluate the logical coherence of its hundred stages, examining whether the presented order can serve as a comprehensive model conforming to Islamic teachings for mystical wayfaring. The research method is descriptive-analytical, based on studying the text, comparing it with similar mystical works, and examining primary Islamic sources such as the Qur'an and Sunna. First, the subject's position in Islamic mysticism is explained, then theoretical foundations and background are examined, and subsequently, the order of stages is analyzed and measured against Islamic principles. Research findings show that although the book's structure possesses apparent coherence, some stages suffer from logical ambiguity and complete harmony with Islamic principles is not observed. Nevertheless, Manāzil al-Sā'irīn remains a valuable work in the history of Islamic mysticism and can serve as a suitable foundation for deeper research in the field of mystical wayfaring. The study examines commentaries by 'Abd al-Razzāq Kāshānī and Sa'īd al-Dīn Farghānī on the text, revealing their attempts to impose systematic interpretations that may not fully reflect Khwāja's original intent.},  
Keywords = {Khwāja 'Abdullāh Anṣārī, Manāzil al-Sā'irīn, Islamic Mysticism, Hundred Stations, Spiritual Wayfaring, Analysis of Mystical Texts, Religious Teachings.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {145-162}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.145},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1613-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1613-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aram, Alireza and Fazeli, Seyyed Ahm},  
title = {The Inversion of Ethical Life in a Narrative from Fīhi mā Fīhi}, 
abstract ={According to the definition adopted in this article, ethical life refers to a lifestyle and individual-social conduct faithful to well-known and accepted moral intuitions, principles, or norms. On this basis, the interpretation of specific behavior or a persistent practice that contradicts the common understanding of ethics while simultaneously being presented as a phenomenon faithful to ethics is recognized as an inverted narration of ethical life. In the present study, a narrative from Rumi's Fīhi mā Fīhi is presented, and the inversion of ethical life in this narrative is examined from a critical perspective. Rumi's moral purpose in presenting the story and its inverted reflection of consequences can be analyzed through the following results: (a) From the narrator's viewpoint, a flexible yet world-governing will rules over human actions, and understanding the mystery of this will is possible through intuitive and aesthetic means. (b) It is by presupposing this will that one can judge successful and unsuccessful individuals and place their actions on the seat of moral judgment. (c) The narrative in question, by dismissing human will, causes the denial of moral responsibility and confirms its dissolution into a fatalistic mystical disposition. (d) This same inverted narration, appropriate to the rhetorical goals of the orator, is considered a persistent cause in weakening mystical ethics.},  
Keywords = {Mystical Ethics, Moral Will, Rhetoric, Fīhi mā Fīhi, Moral Responsibility.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {163-179}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.163},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1660-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1660-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KarimiyanSeyghalani, Ali},  
title = {Foundations of Divine Proximity in Islamic Philosophy}, 
abstract ={One of the most important issues in ontology and anthropology is the question of humanity's ultimate perfection, with the primary factor of anxiety being perplexity in epistemology. Muslim thinkers, inspired by revelation, have no doubt that humanity's ultimate perfection is divine proximity (qurb ilāhī), though unfortunately its understanding has been subject to popular misconceptions. This article aims to expand epistemological horizons regarding the ontological and epistemological foundations of divine proximity in Islamic philosophy. Research findings indicate that divine proximity belongs to the category of "witnessing the secrets of the invisible world" and is a "gradational" matter that ultimately culminates in "witnessing the detailed in the comprehensive" or "witnessing multiplicity in unity and the illuminative relation existing in the system of being." The ranking of human beings also relates to this gradational nature of divine proximity. The beginning of proximity is witnessing the secrets of the world of dominion (malakūt), and its endless end is witnessing the annihilation of longitudinal and latitudinal multiplicities in the divine essence. Moreover, divine proximity is voluntary wayfaring related to worldly life and not afterlife, and what we encounter in the hereafter is only the inner dimension of the scope of witnessing development in worldly life.},  
Keywords = {Divine Proximity, Epistemological Development, Invisible Worlds, Presential Gradation, Locus of Proximity Realization.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {180-204}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.180},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1637-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1637-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Motieshirazi, Leila and Khaleghzadeh, MohammadHadi and Masoumi, MohammadRez},  
title = {Earthly Myths: The Manifestation of Mysticism in Initiation Rites (Case Study: Abdurrahman Jami and Shaykh Mahmud Shabestari)}, 
abstract ={In mystical literature, one of the key concepts is humanity's ascension and elevation from the earthly station to celestial ranks. In this journey, earth (khāk) as a symbol of transformation and renewal plays a central role in many ancient traditions and myths, particularly due to its capacity for metamorphosis in spiritual and mystical processes. In myths, earth is recognized as a symbol of change and transformation, as this material substance can attain true spiritual qualities through mystical stages and guidance of the spiritual master (pīr). This article aims to demonstrate how the worthless material element of earth, by passing through the threefold stages of separation, transition, and incorporation, becomes capable of attaining spiritual maturity and honor as the Perfect Human. Using a mythological approach and analyzing the poetry of two mystical poets—Abdurrahman Jami and Shaykh Mahmud Shabestari—this study examines the transformation from earth to the celestial spheres. Earth as a material symbol, through this spiritual path, reaches annihilation in God (fanā fī Allāh) and the apex of human perfection. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method focused on spiritual metamorphosis of earth, demonstrating how this base material substance undergoes profound mystical transformation through initiation rites to become worthy of divine trust and ultimate human realization.},  
Keywords = {Mysticism, Earth, Myth, Initiation Rites.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {205-227}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.205},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1686-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1686-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Motamedi, Ahmadreza and Rezaee, Ali and Motamedi, Shim},  
title = {The Capacities of Tarkovsky\'s Cinema in Promoting Anti-Materialist Thought}, 
abstract ={Andrei Tarkovsky is one of the most influential artists in cinema history who was born and raised during the period of materialist philosophical dominance in the Soviet Union. However, by adopting his personal approach to art, he created works that were anti-materialist in both structure and content. In this research, considering the materialist philosophical background of the Soviet Union during Tarkovsky's lifetime, we have enumerated the anti-materialist aspects of Tarkovsky's cinema in both structural and thematic sections using a descriptive-analytical approach to his works. The result is that Tarkovsky's cinema can be considered structurally possessing components for transcending matter to meaning, and thematically can be divided into two periods: life in the former Soviet Union with a negative view of materialist philosophy, and life in Western Europe with a positive view of spirituality, faith, and even religion. This study examines five major films from Tarkovsky's seven feature films: Andrei Rublev, Solaris, and Stalker from his Soviet period, and Nostalghia and The Sacrifice from his Western European exile period. The analysis demonstrates how Tarkovsky's philosophical stance against materialism manifested in his distinctive cinematic techniques—including extended takes, minimal editing, use of color, and integration of nature—and in his narratives featuring protagonists who pursue transcendent ideals through sacrifice and suffering despite material circumstances.},  
Keywords = {Materialism, Dialectic, Idealism, Matter, Form, Spirituality, Faith.},
volume = {17},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {228-249}, 
publisher = {Scientific Association of Islamic Mysticism of Iran},

doi = {10.66224/erfan.17.1.228},
url = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1696-en.html},  
eprint = {http://erfanmag.ir/article-1-1696-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pažuhešnāma-ye ʿErfān: A Journal of Islamic Mysticism},  
issn = {2538-5135}, 
eissn = {2980-8421}, 
year = {2026}  
}