fa تحلیل شطحیات عارفان اسلامی با تکیه بر نظریه زبان نمادین پل تیلیش عرفان عرفان پژوهشي Research <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شطح، یکی از انواع گزاره</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی عرفانی و از عناصر مهم زبان عرفان و مهم</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">تر</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ین نقطه برخورد عرفان و منطق است. از دیدگاه منطق، شطح، نوعی اجتماع نقیضین است و همسازی دو سویه ناهمخوان، که سطح تناقضی زبان عرفان را تشکیل می</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">دهد</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">. بر این اساس، نظریات متعددی از سوی عرفان</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">پژوهان و پژوهشگران نوین درباره علل وجود تناقض</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی منطقی در شَطحیات مطرح شده و بهره‌گیری از زبان رمزی و نمادین، شیوه</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ا</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی برای درک شطحیات عارفان تلقی شد. چنین بصیرتی، به عنوان یکی از پیش</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">فرض</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی رایج در الهیات قرن بیستم است که سخن گفتن درباره وجود، اوصاف، نسبت</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">افعال</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خداوند</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">را</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نماد</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ین دانسته است. پژوهش حاضر، با شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی و بهره</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مند</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی از اسناد کتابخانه</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ا</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی در پی تحلیل گزاره</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی متناقض</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نما</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی عارفان اسلامی، بر پایه صورت‌بندی نظریه زبان نمادین <i>پل تیلیش</i>، فیلسوف و متأله مسیحی است. نمادپنداری، به عنوان یک واقعیت غایی از آموزه</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی الهیاتی، از یافته</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی این جستار در گستره یافته نگاه <i>پل تیلیش</i> است. در این گستره، بهره</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مند</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی از عنصر زبانی و نمادین</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">پندار</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی مفاهیم و گزاره</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">‌</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">درباره</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">خداوند،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">برا</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ی بررسی و تحلیل شطحیات و گشایش تناقضات ظاهری گفتار عارفان اثربخش است.</span></span> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ecstatic utterances (shatḥ) are one type of mystical proposition and among the most important elements of mystical language, representing the most critical point of intersection between mysticism and logic. From a logical perspective, shatḥ is a type of coincidence of contradictories and the harmonization of two incompatible aspects that constitute the contradictory level of mystical language. Accordingly, numerous theories have been proposed by mysticism scholars and modern researchers regarding the causes of logical contradictions in ecstatic utterances. In this regard, employing symbolic and metaphorical language has been considered a method for understanding mystics&#39; ecstatic utterances. This insight, as one of the common presuppositions in twentieth-century theology, considers speech about God&#39;s existence, attributes, relations, and actions to be symbolic. The present research, using descriptive-analytical methods and library sources, seeks to analyze the paradoxical propositions of Islamic mystics based on Paul Tillich&#39;s formulation of symbolic language theory. Tillich, a Christian philosopher and theologian, developed this framework for religious discourse. Considering symbols as ultimate reality is among the theological teachings found in Tillich&#39;s perspective. In this framework, utilizing linguistic elements and considering concepts and propositions about God as symbolic is effective for examining and analyzing ecstatic utterances and resolving the apparent contradictions in mystics&#39; speech.</span></span> پل تیلیش, زبان نمادین, شطح, عرفان, نماد. Paul Tillich, Symbolic Language, Ecstatic Utterance (Shatḥ), Mysticism, Symbol. 101 122 http://erfanmag.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1710-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatima Soleimani Koshali فاطمه سلیمانی کوشالی Fa.soleimani@iau.ac.ir 10031947532846005517 0009-0003-1987-2116 Yes Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلام واحد اسلامشهر